Scholars have been theorizing and arguing over this design for almost a century. The first official publication dates back to 1928, the year in which scientist Guido Semenza issued his essay “L’Automobile di Leonardo” (“Leonardo’s Self-Propelling Cart") in the journal Archeion. However, Semenza’s studies were preceded in 1905 by Gerolamo Calvi in a work which was never actually published. A century later, in the spring of 2004, Mario Taddei and Edoardo Zanon from the Leonardo3 Research Centre in Milan worked in partnership with Paolo Galluzzi (Historical Science Institute and Museum of Florence) and Carlo Pedretti (da Vinci scholar) to study the various theories regarding the design and finally achieve the first fully-functional model of Leonardo’s so-called “Self-Propelling Cart”.